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FAMILARITY WITH INSTRUMENTS USED IN CHAIN SURVEYING 1) Chain or tape 2) Arrows 3) Ranging rods 4) Cross staff 5) Offset rods 6) Pegs 7) Plumb bob Chain The chain is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire,4mm in diameter called links .The ends of each link are bent into a [...]

POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEEDING INTRODUCTION 1. Poultry Nutrition in General A. Poultry – Any of the domesticated and commercialized types of birds used for production of eggs and(or) meat for human food (. . . also for other purposes though!). B e.g., Chickens, turkeys, pigeons, peafowl, ducks, geese, upland game birds (quail, pheasant, partridges . [...]

Orchid Cultivation ORCHIDS, the most beautiful flowers in god’s creation, comprise a unique group of plants. Taxonomically, they represent the most highly evolved family among monocotyledons with 600-800 genera and 25,000-35,000 species . Orchids exhibit an incredible range of diversity in size, shape and colour of their flowers. They are most pampered of the plants [...]

SWINE CARE PRACTICES INTRODUCTION There are at least two reasons to give pigs proper care. One is an ethical concern for the pig’s well-being. Another is production efficiency. Management practices that incorporate good animal care are usually also the most effective from a production standpoint. When pigs receive good care, production costs per pound of [...]

Floriculture Industry in Sri Lanka Introduction The Asian flower industry has the potential to become the leading flower industry in commercial floriculture worldwide. Looking to the future, the Asian flower industry could rival, if not surpass, the size and scope of the European flower industry which presently dominates global commercial floriculture. Opportunities for Cut Flower [...]

Identifying Aquatic Insects Mayfly (Order: Ephemeroptera) Habitat of Nymph: Fresh running water of ponds and streams. Habitat of Adult: Short lived flying insect that mates and then dies. Characteristics: Distinguished from other nymphs by seven pairs of gills along the abdomen. Oxygen is absorbed from water. Nymphs generally have three tails attached to the end [...]

INFECTIOUS CATTLE DISEASES I. SUDDEN DEATH A) Clostridial diseases: These diseases include Blackleg, Malignant Edema, Black’s Disease, Enterotoxaemia and Red water. All of these are common diseases. The organisms form spores that may survive a long time in hostile environments and yet kill cattle quickly, giving little opportunity for treatment. The vaccines produce good immunity, [...]

Soil Physical Properties Mineral soils are porous mixtures of inorganic particles, decaying organic matter, air, and water. They also contain a variety of living organisms. The parent material of mineral soils consists of loose, unconsolidated fragments of weathered rocks or unconsolidated sediments. Physical and chemical weathering, with the translocation and the accumulation of various substances, [...]

REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CATTLE Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the cow’s reproductive system is fundamental to good cattle management. ANATOMY First, let’s look at the parts that make up the reproductive system in cattle. There are two ovaries, two oviducts, two uterine horns, a uterine body, cervix, vagina and vulva. The bladder [...]

Tissue Culture Techniques Demonstration of “in vitro” Morphogenesis and Totipotency of Seedling Explants A simple exercise demonstrating plant totipotency as well as the nutritional requirements of different plant organs employs shoot tip and root tip explants cut from aseptically germinated seedlings. Each type of explant (excised part of the intact organism) is transferred to three [...]